Representaciones sociales sobre el Programa Mais Médicos entre consejeros municipales de salud de Brasil / Social representations on Mais Médicos Program among municipal health councelors of Brazil

Introducción: La atención primaria de salud en Brasil se considera una prioridad. En el año 2013 se creó el Programa Mais Médicos, de formación en servicio y de ampliación de la cantidad de médicos en el país. La cooperación cubana, gestionada por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud fue quien envió la mayor cantidad de profesionales. Objetivo: Analizar las representaciones sociales de los consejeros de salud sobre el Programa Mais Médicos, en municipios en los que prestaron atención a su población médicos provenientes de Cuba. Métodos: Estudio de caso descriptivo de corte transversal abordado con metodología cualitativa. La muestra fue intencional. Se trabajó con 58 entrevistas semiestructuradas y el análisis fue realizado mediante el software gratuito Iramuteq con la técnica de análisis lexical. Resultados: Se pudo distinguir cuatro grupos de representaciones, sobre el funcionamiento de los consejos municipales de salud, sobre las representaciones del Programa Mais Médicos, sobre las redes de atención y sobre los médicos brasileños y cubanos. El estudio aporta evidencias de la aplicación de un nuevo modelo de atención para los consejeros que objetivaron y anclaron en el concepto de nacionalidad. El modelo cubano incorpora características de humanismo, atributos que no estaban contenidos en las representaciones sobre los médicos locales. Conclusiones: Las representaciones sociales sobre el Programa Mais Médicos aluden a una acción que mejora la calidad de los servicios, no obstante, la literatura sobre atención básica aún deja ver algunos problemas de acceso y tránsito por la red del sistema único de salud(AU)

Introduction: Primary health care in Brazil is considered a priority. In 2013, Mais Médicos Program was created, providing in-service training and expanding the number of doctors in the country. Cuban cooperation, managed by the Pan American Health Organization, sent the largest number of professionals. Objective: Analyze the social representations of health counselors on Mais Médicos Program, in municipalities in which doctors from Cuba cared to their population. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional case study approached with qualitative methodology. The sample was intentional. It was conducted a work with 58 semi-structured interviews and the analysis was carried out using the free software Iramuteq with the lexical analysis technique. Results: Four groups of representations could be distinguished: on the functioning of the municipal health councils, on the representations of Mais Médicos Program, on the care networks and on Brazilian and Cuban doctors. The study brings evidence of the application of a new model of care for counselors who objectified and anchored in the concept of nationality. The Cuban model incorporates characteristics of humanism, attributes that were not contained in the representations about local doctors. Conclusions: The social representations on Mais Médicos Program allude to an action that improves the quality of services, however, the literature on basic care still shows some problems of access and transit through the network of the health system(AU)

Folic acid intake by pregnant women from Vale do Jequitinhonha, Brazil, and the contribution of fortified foods / Consumo de ácido fólico por gestantes do Vale do Jequitinhonha, Brasil, e a contribuição dos alimentos fortificados

The folate deficiency can result in irreversible health damage, such as the neural tube defects. The aim of this article is to determine the folate intake of pregnant women in Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, one of the poorest regions in the world. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was done in 2013 with 492 pregnant women attending the basic health units run by the public health service (Sistema Único de Saúde, SUS) in 15 municipalities. A standard questionnaire was used to gather the data, which included socioeconomic indicators and a food frequency questionnaire. The data were analyzed and compared statistically based on prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The prevalence of inadequate folate intake was associated with some socioeconomic factors: it was higher amongst the low income and less educated women, in younger women and those who had fewer meals per day. The prevalence of inadequate folate intake in the diet was 94.7% when the contribution of food fortification was not considered, 49.2% taking into account fortified foods, and 17.1% considering food folate, fortified foods, and supplementation with folic acid. We conclude that fortifying foods with folic acid at the current levels reduces the inadequacy of folate intake in the diet, but not enough to assure safe levels and to meet the nutritional requirements of pregnant women in Brazil.

A deficiência de folato pode acarretar prejuízos irreversíveis como os defeitos do tubo neural. O objetivo deste artigo é determinar o padrão de consumo de folato por gestantes no Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brasil, uma das regiões mais pobres do mundo. A pesquisa descritiva do tipo transversal foi realizada com 492 gestantes atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde do SUS em 15 municípios do Vale do Jequitinhonha no ano de 2013. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário padronizado, que inclui um questionário socioeconômico e inquérito de frequência alimentar. Os dados foram analisados e comparados estatisticamente através de razão de prevalências e intervalo de confiança de 95%. A prevalência de consumo insuficiente de folato mostrou-se associada com alguns fatores socioeconômicos: foi maior em gestantes com baixa renda, de baixa escolaridade e em gestantes mais jovens e que realizavam menos refeições por dia. Observou-se que a prevalência de consumo insuficiente de folato na dieta foi de 94,7% desconsiderando a inclusão de alimentos fortificados, 49,2% considerando a dieta com alimentos fortificados e 17,1% considerando a dieta, a fortificação e a suplementação medicamentosa com ácido fólico. Conclui-se que a fortificação de alimentos com ácido fólico nos níveis atuais reduz a inadequação do consumo na dieta, mas não é suficiente para suprir as necessidade e garantir os níveis seguros da oferta deste nutriente entre gestantes brasileiras.